Rat Pcsk9 ELISA Kit (RTEB0211)- High Sensitivity

Product Name:	Rat Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) ELISA Kit
SKU:	RTEB0211
Size:	96T
Target:	Rat Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9)
Synonyms:	Neural apoptosis-regulated convertase 1, Proprotein convertase 9, Subtilisin/kexin-like protease PC9, NARC-1, PC9, Narc1
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Rat
Detection Range:	0.156-10ng/mL
Sensitivity:	0.068ng/mL

Intra CV:

4.6%

Inter CV:

7.5%

Linearity:

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum(N=5)	104-116%	98-108%	80-89%	106-118%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)	106-117%	103-112%	110-120%	94-104%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)	99-110%	112-122%	100-111%	109-118%

Recovery:

Sample Type	Average(%)	Recovery Range(%)
Serum	87	81-93
Plasma	89	83-95

Function:

Crucial player in the regulation of plasma cholesterol homeostasis. Binds to low-density lipid receptor family members: low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), apolipoprotein E receptor (LRP1/APOER) and apolipoprotein receptor 2 (LRP8/APOER2), and promotes their degradation in intracellular acidic compartments. Acts via a non-proteolytic mechanism to enhance the degradation of the hepatic LDLR through a clathrin LDLRAP1/ARH-mediated pathway. May prevent the recycling of LDLR from endosomes to the cell surface or direct it to lysosomes for degradation. Can induce ubiquitination of LDLR leading to its subsequent degradation. Inhibits intracellular degradation of APOB via the autophagosome/lysosome pathway in a LDLR-independent manner. Involved in the disposal of non-acetylated intermediates of BACE1 in the early secretory pathway. Inhibits epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC)-mediated Na(+) absorption by reducing ENaC surface expression primarily by increasing its proteasomal degradation. Regulates neuronal apoptosis via modulation of LRP8/APOER2 levels and related anti-apoptotic signaling pathways.

Uniprot:	P59996
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant rat Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
Sub Unit:	Monomer. Can self-associate to form dimers and higher multimers which may have increased LDLR degrading activity. The precursor protein but not the mature protein may form multimers. Interacts with APOB, VLDLR, LRP8/APOER2 and BACE1. The full length immature form (pro-PCSK9) interacts with SCNN1A, SCNN1B and SCNN1G. The pro-PCSK9 form (via C-terminal domain) interacts with LDLR. Interacts (via the C-terminal domain) with ANXA2 (via repeat Annexin 1); the interaction inhibits the degradation of LDLR.
Research Area:	Cardiovascular
Subcellular Location:	Cytoplasm Secreted Endosome Lysosome Cell surface Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Autocatalytic cleavage is required to transport it from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and for the secretion of the mature protein. Localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum in the absence of LDLR and colocalizes to the cell surface and to the endosomes/lysosomes in the presence of LDLR. The sorting to the cell surface and endosomes is required in order to fully promote LDLR degradation (By similarity).
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	PCSK9: Crucial player in the regulation of plasma cholesterol homeostasis. Binds to low-density lipid receptor family members: low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), apolipoprotein E receptor (LRP1/APOER) and apolipoprotein receptor 2 (LRP8/APOER2), and promotes their degradation in intracellular acidic compartments. Acts via a non-proteolytic mechanism to enhance the degradation of the hepatic LDLR through a clathrin LDLRAP1/ARH-mediated pathway. May prevent the recycling of LDLR from endosomes to the cell surface or direct it to lysosomes for degradation. Can induce ubiquitination of LDLR leading to its subsequent degradation. Inhibits intracellular degradation of APOB via the autophagosome/lysosome pathway in a LDLR-independent manner. Involved in the disposal of non-acetylated intermediates of BACE1 in the early secretory pathway. Inhibits epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC)-mediated Na(+) absorption by reducing ENaC surface expression primarily by increasing its proteasomal degradation. Regulates neuronal apoptosis via modulation of LRP8/APOER2 levels and related anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. Defects in PCSK9 are the cause of hypercholesterolemia autosomal dominant type 3 (HCHOLA3). A familial condition characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either low-density lipoproteins alone or also in very-low-density lipoproteins. Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Cell development/differentiation; EC 3.4.21.-; Protease; Secreted; Secreted, signal peptide Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 5q34 Cellular Component: cell surface; COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle; cytoplasm; early endosome; endoplasmic reticulum; extracellular region; extracellular space; Golgi apparatus; late endosome; lysosome; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; plasma membrane; rough endoplasmic reticulum Molecular Function:apolipoprotein binding; apolipoprotein receptor binding; low-density lipoprotein particle binding; low-density lipoprotein receptor binding; protein self-association; receptor inhibitor activity; RNA binding; serine-type endopeptidase activity; sodium channel inhibitor activity; very-low-density lipoprotein binding Biological Process: apoptosis; cellular response to insulin stimulus; cellular response to starvation; cholesterol homeostasis; cholesterol metabolic process; kidney development; lipoprotein metabolic process; liver development; low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process; low-density lipoprotein receptor particle metabolic process; lysosomal transport; negative regulation of receptor recycling; neurogenesis; neuron differentiation; phospholipid metabolic process; positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process; positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process; positive regulation of receptor internalization; protein autoprocessing; protein processing; regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process; regulation of neuron apoptosis; regulation of receptor activity; triacylglycerol metabolic process
NCBI Summary:	a soluble zymogen; involved in hepatic growth and differentiation [RGD, Feb 2006]
UniProt Code:	P59996
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	77020250
NCBI Gene ID:	298296
NCBI Accession:	NP_954862.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P59996,Q5I6U6,
UniProt Related Accession:	P59996
Molecular Weight:	74,709 Da
NCBI Full Name:	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
NCBI Official Symbol:	Pcsk9
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	PC9; Narc1; NARC-1
NCBI Protein Information:	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
UniProt Protein Name:	Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Neural apoptosis-regulated convertase 1; NARC-1; Proprotein convertase 9; PC9; Subtilisin/kexin-like protease PC9
Protein Family:	Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin
UniProt Gene Name:	Pcsk9

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.