| Background: | Endonuclease that plays a critical role in PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis during spermatogenesis. piRNAs provide essential protection against the activity of mobile genetic elements (By similarity). piRNA-mediated transposon silencing is thus critical for maintaining genome stability, in particular in germline cells when transposons are mobilized as a consequence of wide-spread genomic demethylation (By similarity). Has been proposed to act as a cardiolipin hydrolase to generate phosphatidic acid, at mitochondrial surface (By similarity). Although it cannot be excluded that it can act as a phospholipase in some circumstances, it should be noted that cardiolipin hydrolase activity is either undetectable in vitro, or very low. In addition, cardiolipin is almost exclusively found on the inner mitochondrial membrane, while PLD6 localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane, facing the cytosol. Has been shown to be a backbone-non-specific, single strand-specific nuclease, cleaving either RNA or DNA substrates with similar affinity. Produces 5' phosphate and 3' hydroxyl termini, suggesting it could directly participate in the processing of primary piRNA transcripts (By similarity). Also acts as a regulator of mitochondrial shape through facilitating mitochondrial fusion. |
| Synonyms: | Mitochondrial cardiolipin hydrolase (EC 3.1) (Choline phosphatase 6) (Mitochondrial phospholipase) (MitoPLD) (Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D6) (Phospholipase D6) (PLD 6) (Protein zucchini homolog), PLD6 |
| UniProt Protein Function: | PLD6: Cardiolipin hydrolase present at the mitochondrial outer membrane required both for mitochondrial fusion and piRNA metabolic process. Acts by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) to form phosphatidate (phosphatidic acid or PA) at the mitochondrial outer membrane surface, promoting mitochondrial fusion. The production of phosphatidate also regulates the piRNA metabolic process by promoting recruitment and/or activation of components of the meiotic nuage, also named P granule, a critical step for primary biogenesis of piRNAs. Required during spermatogenesis to repress transposable elements and prevent their mobilization via its role in the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and govern the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Belongs to the phospholipase D family. MitoPLD/Zucchini subfamily.Protein type: Phospholipase; Membrane protein, integral; EC 3.1.4.4; EC 3.1.4.-Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 17p11.2Cellular Component: mitochondrial outer membrane; integral to membraneMolecular Function: protein homodimerization activity; metal ion binding; endonuclease activityBiological Process: meiosis; polar granule organization and biogenesis; mitochondrial fusion; phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process; phospholipid metabolic process; DNA methylation during gametogenesis; glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process; gene expression; spermatid development; lipid catabolic process |
| UniProt Protein Details: | |
| NCBI Summary: | |
| UniProt Code: | Q8N2A8 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 270265812 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 201164 |
| NCBI Accession: | NP_849158.1 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | Q8N2A8,Q8N5Y1 |
| UniProt Related Accession: | Q8N2A8 |
| Molecular Weight: | |
| NCBI Full Name: | mitochondrial cardiolipin hydrolase |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | phospholipase D family, member 6 |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | PLD6Â Â |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | ZUCÂ Â |
| NCBI Protein Information: | mitochondrial cardiolipin hydrolase |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Mitochondrial cardiolipin hydrolase |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | Choline phosphatase 6; Mitochondrial phospholipase; MitoPLD; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D6; Phospholipase D6; PLD 6; Protein zucchini homolog |
| Protein Family: | Mitochondrial cardiolipin hydrolase |
| UniProt Gene Name: | PLD6Â Â |
| UniProt Entry Name: | PLD6_HUMAN |
