Nipah Virus Antibodies, Proteins & ELISA Kits

Nipah Virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus which belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and the genus Heniparvirus. NiV was first discovered in Malaysia in 1988 and it's primary reservoir is the Pteropus bat. Infected pigs, bats and fruit are transmission routes for NiV infection to humans.

The structure of NiV aids in it's pathogenesis and ability to replicate. NiV has nucleocapsid proteins (N), matrix proteins (M), phosphoproteins (P), large proteins (L), fusion proteins (F) and glycoproteins (G). NiV also has non-structural proteins such as C, V and W.

NiV has been placed on the World Health Organization (WHO) priority list as a pathogen which could require rapid research and development in case there is an outbreak of infection. The ability to perform analysis focusing on these viral components could help with therapeutic development and vaccine production.

It has been shown that NiV can inhibit the interferon signaling in it’s target host by blocking the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways. As well as this, there has mostly been a focus on NiV F proteins and G glycoproteins which are required for cellular attachment and host entry. The G glycoproteins bind to the cellular receptor Ephrin-B2 which is found on epithelial cells and this interaction causes a conformational change which allows membrane fusion. NiV protein V increases UBX domain containing protein 1 (UBXN1) which negatively controls RIG-I-like signaling. An IgG and IgM antibody response is observed upon NiV viral entry and as the infection progresses.

Due to the fact that there is limited research on NiV in humans, there is a greater need for animal research in order to produce therapeutics and vaccines to stop the transmission of NiV. Assay Genie has numerous animal ELISA kits which could aid in viral analysis.