Human PLAU ELISA Kit (HUEB0160)- High Sensitivity

Product Name:	Human Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) ELISA Kit
SKU:	HUEB0160
Size:	96T
Target:	Human Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU)
Synonyms:	U-plasminogen activator
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Human
Detection Range:	0.156-10ng/mL
Sensitivity:	0.039ng/mL

Intra CV:

4.9%

Inter CV:

8.7%

Linearity:

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum(N=5)	101-112%	107-117%	87-97%	103-112%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)	102-112%	101-111%	102-112%	102-113%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)	110-120%	96-105%	110-120%	90-100%

Recovery:

Sample Type	Average(%)	Recovery Range(%)
Serum	98	92-104
Plasma	100	94-106

Function:

Specifically cleaves the zymogen plasminogen to form the active enzyme plasmin.

Uniprot:	P00749
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant human Urokinase-type plasminogen activator
Sub Unit:	Found in high and low molecular mass forms. Each consists of two chains, A and B. The high molecular mass form contains a long chain A which is cleaved to yield a short chain A. Forms heterodimer with SERPINA5. Binds LRP1B; binding is followed by internalization and degradation. Interacts with MRC2. Interacts with PLAUR. In complex with SERPINE1, interacts with PLAUR/uPAR (PubMed:15053742). Interacts with SORL1 and LRP1, either alone or in complex with SERPINE1; these interactions are abolished in the presence of LRPAP1/RAP (PubMed:15053742). The ternary complex composed of PLAUR-PLAU-PAI1 also interacts with SORLA (PubMed:15053742).
Research Area:	Neurosciences
Subcellular Location:	Secreted
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	Function: Specifically cleaves the zymogen plasminogen to form the active enzyme plasmin.
UniProt Protein Details:	Catalytic activity: Specific cleavage of Arg-\|-Val bond in plasminogen to form plasmin. Enzyme regulation: Inhibited by SERPINA5. Ref.17 Ref.22 Subunit structure: Found in high and low molecular mass forms. Each consists of two chains, A and B. The high molecular mass form contains a long chain A which is cleaved to yield a short chain A. Forms heterodimer with SERPINA5. Binds LRP1B; binding is followed by internalization and degradation. Interacts with MRC2. Interacts with PLAUR. Ref.20 Ref.21 Subcellular location: Secreted. Tissue specificity: Expressed in the prostate gland and prostate cancers. Ref.23 Post-translational modification: Phosphorylation of Ser-158 and Ser-323 abolishes proadhesive ability but does not interfere with receptor binding. Involvement in Disease: Quebec platelet disorder (QPD) [MIM:601709]: An autosomal dominant bleeding disorder due to a gain-of-function defect in fibrinolysis. Although affected individuals do not exhibit systemic fibrinolysis, they show delayed onset bleeding after challenge, such as surgery. The hallmark of the disorder is markedly increased PLAU levels within platelets, which causes intraplatelet plasmin generation and secondary degradation of alpha-granule proteins.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.24 Pharmaceutical use: Available under the name Abbokinase (Abbott). Used in Pulmonary Embolism (PE) to initiate fibrinolysis. Clinically used for therapy of thrombolytic disorders. Sequence similarities: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.Contains 1 EGF-like domain.Contains 1 kringle domain.Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain.
NCBI Summary:	This gene encodes a serine protease involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and possibly tumor cell migration and proliferation. A specific polymorphism in this gene may be associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease and also with decreased affinity for fibrin-binding. This protein converts plasminogen to plasmin by specific cleavage of an Arg-Val bond in plasminogen. Plasmin in turn cleaves this protein at a Lys-Ile bond to form a two-chain derivative in which a single disulfide bond connects the amino-terminal A-chain to the catalytically active, carboxy-terminal B-chain. This two-chain derivative is also called HMW-uPA (high molecular weight uPA). HMW-uPA can be further processed into LMW-uPA (low molecular weight uPA) by cleavage of chain A into a short chain A (A1) and an amino-terminal fragment. LMW-uPA is proteolytically active but does not bind to the uPA receptor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]
UniProt Code:	P00749
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	254763341
NCBI Gene ID:	5328
NCBI Accession:	P00749.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P00749,Q15844, Q16618, Q53XS3, Q5SWW9, Q969W6, B4DPZ2
UniProt Related Accession:	P00749
Molecular Weight:	48,507 Da
NCBI Full Name:	Urokinase-type plasminogen activator
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	plasminogen activator, urokinase
NCBI Official Symbol:	PLAU
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	ATF; QPD; UPA; URK; u-PA; BDPLT5
NCBI Protein Information:	urokinase-type plasminogen activator; U-plasminogen activator; plasminogen activator, urinary
UniProt Protein Name:	Urokinase-type plasminogen activator
Protein Family:	Urokinase-type plasminogen activator
UniProt Gene Name:	PLAU
UniProt Entry Name:	UROK_HUMAN

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

ELISA	Antibodies
Human PLAU/uPA(Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator) CLIA Kit (HUES00991)	Anti-PLAU Antibody (CAB2181)
	PLAU Antibody (PACO04599)
	PLAT Antibody (PACO11284)
	PRKCA Antibody (PACO14885)
	PLAU Antibody (PACO14886)