Human TIRAP ELISA Kit (HUEB2443)- High Sensitivity

Product Name:	Human Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein (TIRAP) ELISA Kit
SKU:	HUEB2443
Size:	96T
Target:	Human Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein (TIRAP)
Synonyms:	Adaptor protein Wyatt, MyD88 adapter-like protein, MyD88-2, TIR domain-containing adapter protein, MAL
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Human
Detection Range:	31.2-2000pg/mL
Sensitivity:	15pg/mL

Intra CV:

4.6%

Inter CV:

8.3%

Linearity:

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum(N=5)	110-119%	110-122%	94-104%	92-92%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)	110-119%	80-91%	114-123%	110-120%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)	83-96%	82-94%	86-98%	86-95%

Recovery:

Sample Type	Average(%)	Recovery Range(%)
Serum	95	89-101
Plasma	97	91-103

Function:

Adapter involved in TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK2 and TRAF-6, leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, and resulting in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Positively regulates the production of TNF-alpha and interleukin-6.

Uniprot:	P58753
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant human Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein
Sub Unit:	Homodimer. Also forms heterodimers with MYD88. May interact with PIK3AP1 (By similarity). Interacts with TLR4 and IRAK2 via their respective TIR domains. Interacts with BMX and TBK1. Interacts with EIF2AK2. Does not interact with IRAK1, nor TLR9.
Research Area:	Immunology
Subcellular Location:	Cytoplasm Cell membrane Membrane Colocalizes with DAB2IP at the plasma membrane.
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	TIRAP: an adapter protein involved in the TLR4 signaling pathway in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK2 and TRAF-6, leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B, ERK1, ERK2 and JNK, resulting in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Homodimerizes. Also forms heterodimers with MyD88. Binds to TLR4 and IRAK2 via their respective TIR domains. Binds to PKR and TBK1. Does not interact with IRAK1, nor TLR9. Genetic variations in TIRAP can influence susceptibility or resistance to infectious diseases, including invasive pneumococcal disease, malaria and tuberculosis. Three isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Adaptor/scaffold Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 11q24.2 Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; intercellular bridge; endocytic vesicle; cytoplasm; plasma membrane; cytosol Molecular Function:protein binding, bridging; protein binding; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding; protein homodimerization activity; protein kinase C binding; protein heterodimerization activity Biological Process: I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; positive regulation of interleukin-12 production; positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process; positive regulation of JNK cascade; response to lipopolysaccharide; activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; cell surface receptor linked signal transduction; positive regulation of interleukin-15 production; positive regulation of B cell proliferation; inflammatory response; toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway; positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway; regulation of innate immune response; toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway; MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; toll-like receptor signaling pathway; innate immune response; myeloid cell differentiation; regulation of interferon-beta production Disease: Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Recurrent Isolated, 1; Bacteremia, Susceptibility To, 1; Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Susceptibility To; Malaria, Susceptibility To
NCBI Summary:	The innate immune system recognizes microbial pathogens through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Different TLRs recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and all TLRs have a Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain, which is responsible for signal transduction. The protein encoded by this gene is a TIR adaptor protein involved in the TLR4 signaling pathway of the immune system. It activates NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, which then results in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Code:	P58753
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	50403750
NCBI Gene ID:	114609
NCBI Accession:	P58753.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P58753,Q56UH9, Q56UI0, Q8N5E5, B3KW65,
UniProt Related Accession:	P58753
Molecular Weight:	221
NCBI Full Name:	Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein
NCBI Official Symbol:	TIRAP
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	Mal; wyatt; BACTS1; MyD88-2
NCBI Protein Information:	toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein; adapter protein wyatt; adaptor protein Wyatt; MyD88 adapter-like protein; Toll-like receptor adaptor protein
UniProt Protein Name:	Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Adaptor protein Wyatt; MyD88 adapter-like protein; MyD88-2
Protein Family:	Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein
UniProt Gene Name:	TIRAP
UniProt Entry Name:	TIRAP_HUMAN

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

ELISA

Human TIRAP ELISA Kit