Human Protein S100-B (S100B) ELISA Kit- High Sensitivity

Product Name:	Human Protein S100-B (S100B) ELISA Kit
SKU:	HUEB0198
Size:	96T
Target:	Human Protein S100-B (S100B)
Synonyms:	S-100 protein beta chain, S-100 protein subunit beta, S100 calcium-binding protein B
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Human
Detection Range:	15.6-1000pg/mL
Sensitivity:	7.8pg/mL

Intra CV:

3.9%

Inter CV:

6.7%

Linearity:

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum(N=5)	94-107%	99-109%	115-124%	106-117%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)	100-112%	90-102%	97-107%	98-108%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)	80-90%	107-117%	111-121%	91-101%

Recovery:

Sample Type	Average(%)	Recovery Range(%)
Serum	98	92-104
Plasma	100	94-106

Function:

Weakly binds calcium but binds zinc very tightly-distinct binding sites with different affinities exist for both ions on each monomer. Physiological concentrations of potassium ion antagonize the binding of both divalent cations, especially affecting high-affinity calcium-binding sites. Binds to and initiates the activation of STK38 by releasing autoinhibitory intramolecular interactions within the kinase. Interaction with AGER after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53/TP53 signaling. Could assist ATAD3A cytoplasmic processing, preventing aggregation and favoring mitochondrial localization. May mediate calcium-dependent regulation on many physiological processes by interacting with other proteins, such as TPR-containing proteins, and modulating their activity.

Uniprot:	P04271
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant human Protein S100-B
Sub Unit:	Dimer of either two alpha chains, or two beta chains, or one alpha and one beta chain. The S100B dimer binds two molecules of STK38. Interacts with CACYBP in a calcium-dependent manner. Interacts with ATAD3A; this interaction probably occurs in the cytosol prior to ATAD3A mitochondrial targeting. Interacts with S100A6. The S100B dimer interacts with two molecules of CAPZA1. Interacts with AGER. Interacts with PPP5C (via TPR repeats); the interaction is calcium-dependent and modulates PPP5C activity.
Research Area:	Cancer
Subcellular Location:	Cytoplasm Nucleus
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	S100B: Weakly binds calcium but binds zinc very tightly- distinct binding sites with different affinities exist for both ions on each monomer. Physiological concentrations of potassium ion antagonize the binding of both divalent cations, especially affecting high-affinity calcium-binding sites. Binds to and initiates the activation of STK38 by releasing autoinhibitory intramolecular interactions within the kinase. Interaction with AGER after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53/TP53 signaling. Dimer of either two alpha chains, or two beta chains, or one alpha and one beta chain. The S100B dimer binds two molecules of STK38. Interacts with AGER. The S100B dimer interacts with two molecules of CAPZA1. Although predominant among the water-soluble brain proteins, S100 is also found in a variety of other tissues. Belongs to the S-101 family.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Calcium-binding Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 21q22.3 Cellular Component: ruffle; extracellular space; cell soma; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; cytoplasm; extracellular region; nucleus Molecular Function:identical protein binding; protein binding; RAGE receptor binding; protein homodimerization activity; zinc ion binding; calcium ion binding; calcium-dependent protein binding; tau protein binding Biological Process: central nervous system development; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; positive regulation of apoptosis; response to glucocorticoid stimulus; memory; cell proliferation; regulation of cell shape; learning and/or memory; astrocyte differentiation; axonogenesis; response to methylmercury; positive regulation of cell proliferation; innate immune response; regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity
NCBI Summary:	The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21; however, this gene is located at 21q22.3. This protein may function in Neurite extension, proliferation of melanoma cells, stimulation of Ca2+ fluxes, inhibition of PKC-mediated phosphorylation, astrocytosis and axonal proliferation, and inhibition of microtubule assembly. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in several neurological, neoplastic, and other types of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, melanoma, and type I diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Code:	P04271
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	134138
NCBI Gene ID:	6285
NCBI Accession:	P04271.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P04271,D3DSN6,
UniProt Related Accession:	P04271
Molecular Weight:	10,713 Da
NCBI Full Name:	Protein S100-B
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	S100 calcium binding protein B
NCBI Official Symbol:	S100B
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	NEF; S100; S100-B; S100beta
NCBI Protein Information:	protein S100-B; S-100 protein subunit beta; S-100 calcium-binding protein, beta chain; S100 calcium-binding protein, beta (neural)
UniProt Protein Name:	Protein S100-B
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	S-100 protein beta chain; S-100 protein subunit beta; S100 calcium-binding protein B
Protein Family:	Protein
UniProt Gene Name:	S100B
UniProt Entry Name:	S100B_HUMAN

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

ELISA	Antibodies
Human S100B / S100 beta ELISA Kit	Anti-S100B Antibody (CAB0676)
Human S100B (S100 Calcium Binding Protein B) CLIA Kit (HUES00749)	Anti-S100 beta Antibody (CAB19108)
Human S100B (S100 Calcium Binding Protein B) ELISA Kit (HUES02353)	Anti-CST3 Antibody (MACO0542)
	S100A1 Antibody (PACO05876)
	S100A9 Antibody (PACO12009)