Human PPARGC1A ELISA Kit (HUEB1193)- High Sensitivity

Product Name:	Human Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) ELISA Kit
SKU:	HUEB1193
Size:	96T
Target:	Human Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A)
Synonyms:	Ligand effect modulator 6, PGC-1-alpha, LEM6, PGC1, PGC1A, PPARGC1
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Human
Detection Range:	0.312-20ng/mL
Sensitivity:	0.19ng/mL

Intra CV:

5.5%

Inter CV:

8.9%

Linearity:

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum(N=5)	103-115%	98-108%	92-101%	112-124%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)	85-94%	102-112%	109-117%	100-110%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)	94-104%	104-104%	85-95%	92-101%

Recovery:

Sample Type	Average(%)	Recovery Range(%)
Serum	100	94-106
Plasma	102	96-108

Function:

Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Greatly increases the transcriptional activity of PPARG and thyroid hormone receptor on the uncoupling protein promoter. Can regulate key mitochondrial genes that contribute to the program of adaptive thermogenesis. Plays an essential role in metabolic reprogramming in response to dietary availability through coordination of the expression of a wide array of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Induces the expression of PERM1 in the skeletal muscle in an ESRRA-dependent manner. Also involved in the integration of the circadian rhythms and energy metabolism. Required for oscillatory expression of clock genes, such as ARNTL/BMAL1 and NR1D1, through the coactivation of RORA and RORC, and metabolic genes, such as PDK4 and PEPCK.

Uniprot:	Q9UBK2
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant human Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
Sub Unit:	Homooligomer. Interacts with MYBBP1A; inhibits MYBBP1A transcriptional activation (By similarity). Interacts with PRDM16, LPIN1 and PML (By similarity). Interacts (via LXXLL motif) with RORA and RORC (via AF-2 motif); activates RORA and RORC transcriptional activation (By similarity). Interacts with LRPPRC. Interacts with RNF34 (via RING-type zinc finger).
Research Area:	Neurosciences
Subcellular Location:	Isoform 9 Nucleus
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	PGC-1 alpha: a transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Greatly increases the transcriptional activity of PPARG and thyroid hormone receptor genes. Interacts with, and regulates the activities of, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs). Regulates many genes involved in energy metabolism. Provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and is a major factor that regulates muscle fiber type determination. Plays an essential role in metabolic reprogramming in response to dietary availability through coordination of the expression of a wide array of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. May be involved in controlling blood pressure, regulating cellular cholesterol homoeostasis, and the development of obesity. Its transcription is repressed by ZNF746 which binds to 'insulin response sequences' in its promoter. Heavily acetylated by GCN5 and biologically inactive under conditions of high nutrients. Deacetylated by SIRT1 in low nutrients/high NAD conditions.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Nuclear receptor co-regulator; Transcription, coactivator/corepressor Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 4p15.2 Cellular Component: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; nucleoplasm; nucleus Molecular Function:chromatin DNA binding; DNA binding; ligand-dependent nuclear receptor binding; ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity; protein binding; RNA binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; transcription coactivator activity; transcription factor binding; ubiquitin protein ligase binding Biological Process: brown fat cell differentiation; cellular respiration; circadian regulation of gene expression; circadian rhythm; digestion; mitochondrion organization and biogenesis; mRNA processing; negative regulation of neuron apoptosis; positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation; positive regulation of gluconeogenesis; positive regulation of histone acetylation; positive regulation of transcription factor activity; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; protein complex assembly; protein stabilization; regulation of circadian rhythm; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; response to muscle activity; RNA splicing; thermoregulation; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
NCBI Summary:	The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. This protein interacts with PPARgamma, which permits the interaction of this protein with multiple transcription factors. This protein can interact with, and regulate the activities of, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs). It provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and is a major factor that regulates muscle fiber type determination. This protein may be also involved in controlling blood pressure, regulating cellular cholesterol homoeostasis, and the development of obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Code:	Q9UBK2
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	47117335
NCBI Gene ID:	10891
NCBI Accession:	Q9UBK2.1
UniProt Secondary Accession:	Q9UBK2,Q3LIG1, Q4W5M7, Q9UN32, B7Z406, G8DM16, I3RTT5 I3RTT6, I3RTT7, I3RTT8, I3RTT9,
UniProt Related Accession:	Q9UBK2
Molecular Weight:	91kDa
NCBI Full Name:	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha
NCBI Official Symbol:	PPARGC1A
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	LEM6; PGC1; PGC1A; PGC-1v; PPARGC1; PGC-1alpha; PGC-1(alpha)
NCBI Protein Information:	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
UniProt Protein Name:	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Ligand effect modulator 6
Protein Family:	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator
UniProt Gene Name:	PPARGC1A

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

ELISA

Human PPARgC1A / Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha ELISA Kit

Human PPARgammaC1 alpha (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1 Alpha) CLIA Kit (HUES00791)