Human PCX ELISA Kit (HUFI00795)- High Sensitivity

Product Name:	Human PCX (Podocalyxin) ELISA Kit
Product Code:	HUFI00795
Size:	96 Assays
Alias:	PCX, Podocalyxin, PODXL, PCLP, PCLP1, Podocalyxin-like protein 1, PC, PCLP-1, GCTM-2 antigen, Gp200
Detection method:	Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody
Application:	This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human PODXL concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids.
Sensitivity:	0.094ng/ml
Range:	0.156-10ng/ml
Storage:	4°C for 6 months
Note:	For Research Use Only

Recovery:

Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human PODXL and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human PODXL in samples.

Matrix	Recovery range(%)	Average(%)
serum(n=5)	89-99	94
EDTA plasma(n=5)	89-101	96
UFH plasma(n=5)	86-105	94

Linearity:

The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human PODXL and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8
serum(n=5)	85-105%	92-104%	88-104%
EDTA plasma(n=5)	82-101%	89-101%	86-100%
UFH plasma(n=5)	81-89%	83-100%	82-97%

CV(%):

Intra-Assay: CV<8%
Inter-Assay: CV<10%

Component	Quantity	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	4°C for 6 months
Lyophilized Standard	2	4°C/-20°C
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer	20ml	4°C
Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
Antibody Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
SABC Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
TMB Substrate	10ml	4°C (Protect from light)
Stop Solution	10ml	4°C
Wash Buffer(25X)	30ml	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

Uniprot

O00592

UniProt Protein Function:	PODXL: Involved in the regulation of both adhesion and cell morphology and cancer progression. Function as an anti-adhesive molecule that maintains an open filtration pathway between neighboring foot processes in the podocyte by charge repulsion. Acts as a pro-adhesive molecule, enhancing the adherence of cells to immobilized ligands, increasing the rate of migration and cell- cell contacts in an integrin-dependent manner. Induces the formation of apical actin-dependent microvilli. Involved in the formation of a preapical plasma membrane subdomain to set up inital epithelial polarization and the apical lumen formation during renal tubulogenesis. Plays a role in cancer development and aggressiveness by inducing cell migration and invasion through its interaction with the actin-binding protein EZR. Affects EZR- dependent signaling events, leading to increased activities of the MAPK and PI3K pathways in cancer cells. Belongs to the podocalyxin family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Membrane protein, integral; Cell adhesion Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 7q32-q33 Cellular Component: ruffle; extracellular space; microvillus membrane; lamellipodium; integral to plasma membrane; apical plasma membrane; cytoplasm; plasma membrane; lipid raft; filopodium Molecular Function:protein binding Biological Process: cell migration; negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion; negative regulation of cell adhesion; cell adhesion; positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin; leukocyte migration; regulation of microvillus biogenesis; positive regulation of cell migration
NCBI Summary:	This gene encodes a member of the sialomucin protein family. The encoded protein was originally identified as an important component of glomerular podocytes. Podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells with interdigitating foot processes covering the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane. Other biological activities of the encoded protein include: binding in a membrane protein complex with Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor to intracellular cytoskeletal elements, playing a role in hematopoetic cell differentiation, and being expressed in vascular endothelium cells and binding to L-selectin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Code:	O00592
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	229462740
NCBI Gene ID:	5420
NCBI Accession:	O00592.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	O00592,Q52LZ7, Q53ER6, A6NHX8,
UniProt Related Accession:	O00592
Molecular Weight:	558
NCBI Full Name:	Podocalyxin
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	podocalyxin-like
NCBI Official Symbol:	PODXL
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	PC; PCLP; Gp200; PCLP-1
NCBI Protein Information:	podocalyxin; GCTM-2 antigen; podocalyxin-like protein 1
UniProt Protein Name:	Podocalyxin
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	GCTM-2 antigen; Gp200; Podocalyxin-like protein 1; PC; PCLP-1
Protein Family:	Podocalyxin
UniProt Gene Name:	PODXL
UniProt Entry Name:	PODXL_HUMAN

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.

Step	Protocol
1.	Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells!
2.	Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells.
3.	Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well.
4.	Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells.
5.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min.
6.	Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2.
7.	Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall.
8.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min.
9.	Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash.
10.	Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min.
11.	Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min.
12.	Add 90 µl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color.
13.	Add 50 µl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately.
14.	Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

Nikolov et al.	Levels of serum podocalyxin in preeclampsia and relationship with maternal echocardiographic and Doppler ultrasound parameters	Folia Medica 2022	PubMed ID: 36876570
Popovski et al.	Relationship between elevated maternal serum podocalyxin concentrations with blood pressure values and routine laboratory parameters in preeclampsia	Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research 2021	View Citation