Human Kininogen-1 (KNG1) ELISA Kit- High Sensitivity

Product Name:	Human Kininogen-1 (KNG1) ELISA Kit
SKU:	HUEB0371
Size:	96T
Target:	Human Kininogen-1 (KNG1)
Synonyms:	Alpha-2-thiol proteinase inhibitor, Fitzgerald factor, High molecular weight kininogen, Williams-Fitzgerald-Flaujeac factor, HMWK, BDK, KNG
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Human
Detection Range:	1.56-100ng/mL
Sensitivity:	0.098ng/mL

Intra CV:

3.8%

Inter CV:

6.4%

Linearity:

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum(N=5)	109-120%	108-118%	97-107%	84-84%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)	89-99%	99-109%	107-116%	104-116%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)	104-114%	102-110%	101-114%	106-116%

Recovery:

Sample Type	Average(%)	Recovery Range(%)
Serum	82	80-88
Plasma	84	80-90

Function:

(1) Kininogens are inhibitors of thiol proteases; (2) HMW-kininogen plays an important role in blood coagulation by helping to position optimally prekallikrein and factor XI next to factor XII; (3) HMW-kininogen inhibits the thrombin- and plasmin-induced aggregation of thrombocytes; (4) the active peptide bradykinin that is released from HMW-kininogen shows a variety of physiological effects: (4A) influence in smooth muscle contraction, (4B) induction of hypotension, (4C) natriuresis and diuresis, (4D) decrease in blood glucose level, (4E) it is a mediator of inflammation and causes (4E1) increase in vascular permeability, (4E2) stimulation of nociceptors (4E3) release of other mediators of inflammation (e.g. prostaglandins), (4F) it has a cardioprotective effect (directly via bradykinin action, indirectly via endothelium-derived relaxing factor action); (5) LMW-kininogen inhibits the aggregation of thrombocytes; (6) LMW-kininogen is in contrast to HMW-kininogen not involved in blood clotting.

Uniprot:	P01042
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant human Kininogen-1
Research Area:	Cancer
Subcellular Location:	Secreted Extracellular space
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	KNG1: (1) Kininogens are inhibitors of thiol proteases; (2) HMW-kininogen plays an important role in blood coagulation by helping to position optimally prekallikrein and factor XI next to factor XII; (3) HMW-kininogen inhibits the thrombin- and plasmin- induced aggregation of thrombocytes; (4) the active peptide bradykinin that is released from HMW-kininogen shows a variety of physiological effects: (4A) influence in smooth muscle contraction, (4B) induction of hypotension, (4C) natriuresis and diuresis, (4D) decrease in blood glucose level, (4E) it is a mediator of inflammation and causes (4E1) increase in vascular permeability, (4E2) stimulation of nociceptors (4E3) release of other mediators of inflammation (e.g. prostaglandins), (4F) it has a cardioprotective effect (directly via bradykinin action, indirectly via endothelium-derived relaxing factor action); (5) LMW-kininogen inhibits the aggregation of thrombocytes; (6) LMW- kininogen is in contrast to HMW-kininogen not involved in blood clotting. Defects in KNG1 are the cause of high molecular weight kininogen deficiency (HMWK deficiency). HMWK deficiency is an autosomal recessive coagulation defect. Patients with HWMK deficiency do not have a hemorrhagic tendency, but they exhibit abnormal surface-mediated activation of fibrinolysis. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Contractile; Secreted, signal peptide; Secreted; Cell adhesion; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Inhibitor Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 3q27 Cellular Component: extracellular space; extracellular region; plasma membrane Molecular Function:heparin binding; protein binding; zinc ion binding; cysteine protease inhibitor activity; receptor binding Biological Process: negative regulation of proteolysis; platelet activation; elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; smooth muscle contraction; platelet degranulation; positive regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of blood coagulation; negative regulation of cell adhesion; blood coagulation; inflammatory response; vasodilation; blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway Disease: High Molecular Weight Kininogen Deficiency
NCBI Summary:	This gene uses alternative splicing to generate two different proteins- high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK). HMWK is essential for blood coagulation and assembly of the kallikrein-kinin system. Also, bradykinin, a peptide causing numerous physiological effects, is released from HMWK. Bradykinin also functions as an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial and antifungal activity. In contrast to HMWK, LMWK is not involved in blood coagulation. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]
UniProt Code:	P01042
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	124056474
NCBI Gene ID:	3827
NCBI Accession:	P01042.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P01042,P01043, Q53EQ0, Q6PAU9, Q7M4P1, A8K474, B2RCR2 C9JEX1,
UniProt Related Accession:	P01042
Molecular Weight:	644
NCBI Full Name:	Kininogen-1
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	kininogen 1
NCBI Official Symbol:	KNG1
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	BK; BDK; KNG
NCBI Protein Information:	kininogen-1; HMWK; bradykinin; fitzgerald factor; high molecular weight kininogen; alpha-2-thiol proteinase inhibitor; williams-Fitzgerald-Flaujeac factor
UniProt Protein Name:	Kininogen-1
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Alpha-2-thiol proteinase inhibitor; Fitzgerald factor; High molecular weight kininogen; HMWK; Williams-Fitzgerald-Flaujeac factorCleaved into the following 6 chains:Kininogen-1 heavy chain; T-kininAlternative name(s):Ile-Ser-Bradykinin
Protein Family:	Kininogen
UniProt Gene Name:	KNG1
UniProt Entry Name:	KNG1_HUMAN

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

ELISA	Antibodies
Human Kininogen-1 ELISA Kit	Anti-Kininogen 1 Antibody (CAB11638)
Human KNG1 (Kininogen 1) CLIA Kit (HUES01182)	Anti-KNG1 Antibody (CAB13919)
	Anti-KNG1 Antibody (CAB1670)
	Cleaved-KNG1 (K380) Antibody (PACO02854)
	KMO Antibody (PACO10149)