Human HS (Heparan Sulfate) ELISA Kit (HUFI04766)

• Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
• Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
• Incubator
• Deionized or distilled water
• Absorbent paper
• Buffer resevoir

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide present in all animal tissues. It exists as a proteoglycan known as Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan (HSPG), where two or three HS chains are closely bound to cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins. This molecular arrangement enables HS to interact with various protein ligands, such as Wnt, thereby regulating a diverse array of biological processes. HS's involvement spans critical activities like developmental processes, angiogenesis, blood coagulation, inhibiting Granzyme B-induced detachment activity, and tumor metastasis. Furthermore, HS has demonstrated its role as a cellular receptor for multiple viruses, including the respiratory syncytial virus. Notably, research suggests that cellular heparan sulfate may play a part in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly when the virus engages with ACE2

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are a diverse group of molecules found in various cellular and extracellular matrix contexts. The primary HSPGs on the cell membrane consist of the transmembrane syndecans and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored glypicans, which play significant roles in cell signaling and adhesion. Additionally, there are minor forms of membrane HSPGs such as betaglycan and the V-3 isoform of CD44, which are specifically present on keratinocytes and activated monocytes. In the extracellular matrix, particularly in basement membranes and fractones, the main HSPG species include the multi-domain perlecan, agrin, and collagen XVIII core proteins. These HS-bearing molecules contribute to the structural integrity and functional regulation of various tissues and play essential roles in cellular interactions and tissue organization.

Heparan sulfate, a member of the glycosaminoglycan family, closely resembles heparin in its structural composition. Both molecules consist of repeating disaccharide units with varying degrees of sulfation. The predominant disaccharide unit in heparan sulfate is composed of glucuronic acid (GlcA) linked to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), comprising approximately 50% of the total disaccharide units. In contrast, heparin primarily consists of IdoA(2S)-GlcNS(6S) units, which account for around 85% in beef lung-derived heparins and approximately 75% in those from porcine intestinal mucosa. Challenges arise when categorizing hybrid glycosaminoglycans containing both heparin-like and heparan sulfate-like structures. It has been proposed that a glycosaminoglycan should be considered heparin only if its N-sulfate groups significantly outnumber N-acetyl groups, and the concentration of O-sulfate groups exceeds that of N-sulfate. Otherwise, it should be classified as heparan sulfate.

The Human HS ELISA Kit is a powerful research tool designed for the quantitative measurement of Human HS (Heparan Sulfate) levels in various biological samples. HS is a complex polysaccharide found on the cell surface and extracellular matrix, and it plays critical roles in various physiological and pathological processes. This ELISA kit allows researchers to investigate HS dynamics, its involvement in disease mechanisms, and its potential as a biomarker in diverse research areas such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and inflammation.

The Heparan Sulfate ELISA Kit offers several advantages, including high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. It provides a user-friendly and reliable method to quantify Heparan sulfate levels in biological specimens, allowing for precise measurements and robust data analysis.

The Heparan Sulfate ELISA Kit is compatible with various sample types, including serum, plasma, cell lysates, and tissue homogenates. It provides flexibility in sample selection, allowing researchers to analyze Heparan sulfate levels in different biological matrices.

The Heparan Sulfate ELISA Kit components should be stored according to the instructions provided in the kit manual. Generally, it is recommended to store the kit components at the recommended temperature to ensure their stability and optimal performance.

If you encounter any issues or have suboptimal assay results, we recommend contacting our dedicated support team for assistance. They will be available to provide troubleshooting guidance, answer your questions, and ensure you achieve the best possible results with the Heparan Sulfate ELISA Kit.