Human GAS6 ELISA Kit (HUEB0092)- High Sensitivity

Product Name:	Human Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (GAS6) ELISA Kit
SKU:	HUEB0092
Size:	96T
Target:	Human Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (GAS6)
Synonyms:	AXL receptor tyrosine kinase ligand, GAS-6, AXLLG
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Human
Detection Range:	0.156-10ng/mL
Sensitivity:	0.01ng/mL

Intra CV:

4.5%

Inter CV:

6.8%

Linearity:

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum(N=5)	101-109%	109-120%	87-96%	96-107%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)	109-119%	101-111%	109-118%	98-110%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)	88-98%	103-112%	80-91%	95-103%

Recovery:

Sample Type	Average(%)	Recovery Range(%)
Serum	94	88-100
Plasma	96	90-102

Function:

(Microbial infection) Can bridges virus envelope phosphatidylserine to the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase Axl to mediate viral entry by apoptotic mimicry (PubMed:21501828). Plays a role in Dengue cell entry by apoptotic mimicry (PubMed:23084921). Plays a role in Vaccinia virus cell entry by apoptotic mimicry (PubMed:21501828). Plays a role in ebolavirus and marburgvirus cell entry by apoptotic mimicry (PubMed:17005688).

Uniprot:	Q14393
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant human Growth arrest-specific protein 6
Sub Unit:	Heterodimer and heterotetramer with AXL.
Research Area:	Cardiovascular
Subcellular Location:	Secreted
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	GAS6: Ligand for tyrosine-protein kinase receptors AXL, TYRO3 and MER whose signaling is implicated in cell growth and survival, cell adhesion and cell migration. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. 4 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Ligand, receptor tyrosine kinase; Secreted; Secreted, signal peptide Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 13q34 Cellular Component: cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; extracellular region; extracellular space; Golgi lumen Molecular Function:calcium ion binding; caspase inhibitor activity; molecular adaptor activity; phosphatidylserine binding; protein binding; protein tyrosine kinase activator activity; receptor agonist activity; receptor binding; receptor tyrosine kinase binding; voltage-gated calcium channel activity Biological Process: activation of protein kinase B; apoptotic cell clearance; blood coagulation; cell adhesion; cell cycle arrest; cell migration; cell proliferation; cell-substrate adhesion; cellular protein metabolic process; cellular response to starvation; entry of virus into host cell; enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway; ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; leukocyte migration; negative regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of caspase activity; negative regulation of interferon-gamma production; negative regulation of interleukin-1 secretion; negative regulation of interleukin-6 production; negative regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation; negative regulation of transcription factor activity; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; neuron migration; organ regeneration; peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; phagocytosis; platelet activation; platelet degranulation; positive regulation of cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway; positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation; positive regulation of glomerular filtration; positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; positive regulation of phagocytosis; positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; positive regulation of protein export from nucleus; positive regulation of protein kinase activity; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; positive regulation of TOR signaling pathway; post-translational protein modification; protein amino acid phosphorylation; protein kinase B signaling cascade; regulation of growth; signal peptide processing; signal transduction; viral envelope fusion with host membrane; viral genome replication; virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
NCBI Summary:	This gene encodes a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein thought to be involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation. This gene is frequently overexpressed in many cancers and has been implicated as an adverse prognostic marker. Elevated protein levels are additionally associated with a variety of disease states, including venous thromboembolic disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic renal failure, and preeclampsia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]
UniProt Code:	Q14393
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	48427995
NCBI Gene ID:	2621
NCBI Accession:	Q14393.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	Q14393,Q6IMN1, Q7Z7N3, B3KRQ7, B3KVL4, E9PBL7,
UniProt Related Accession:	Q14393
Molecular Weight:	41,986 Da
NCBI Full Name:	Growth arrest-specific protein 6
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	growth arrest specific 6
NCBI Official Symbol:	GAS6
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	AXSF; AXLLG
NCBI Protein Information:	growth arrest-specific protein 6
UniProt Protein Name:	Growth arrest-specific protein 6
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	AXL receptor tyrosine kinase ligand
Protein Family:	Growth arrest-specific protein
UniProt Gene Name:	GAS6
UniProt Entry Name:	GAS6_HUMAN

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

ELISA

Human GAS 6 / Growth arrest-specific protein 6 ELISA Kit

Human Gas6 (Growth Arrest Specific Protein 6) CLIA Kit (HUES00076)