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Human GREM2 / Gremlin-2 ELISA Kit

SKU:
HUFI01526
Product Type:
ELISA Kit
Size:
96 Assays
Uniprot:
Q9H772
Sensitivity:
0.094ng/ml
Range:
0.156-10ng/ml
ELISA Type:
Sandwich
Synonyms:
GREM2, Gremlin-2, Protein related to DAN and cerberus, Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 2, DAN domain family member 3, CKTSF1B2, DAND3, PRDC, Protein related to DAN and cerberus, gremlin 2, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog
Reactivity:
Human
Research Area:
Cell Biology
$719
Frequently bought together:

Description

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Human GREM2/Gremlin-2 ELISA Kit

The Human GREM2 (Gremlin 2) ELISA Kit is specifically designed for the precise measurement of Gremlin 2 levels in human samples including serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. This kit offers exceptional sensitivity and specificity, ensuring accurate and reproducible results that are vital for various research applications.Gremlin 2 is a key protein involved in regulating cell growth and development, particularly in embryonic development and organ formation.

Dysregulation of Gremlin 2 has been linked to various diseases such as cancer, fibrosis, and cardiovascular disorders, making it a valuable biomarker for studying these conditions and potentially developing targeted therapies.Overall, the Human GREM2 ELISA Kit provides researchers with a powerful tool to investigate the role of Gremlin 2 in disease pathogenesis and explore its potential as a therapeutic target.

Product Name:Human GREM2 / Gremlin-2 ELISA Kit
Product Code:HUFI01526
Size:96 Assays
Alias:GREM2, Gremlin-2, Protein related to DAN and cerberus, Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 2, DAN domain family member 3, CKTSF1B2, DAND3, PRDC, Protein related to DAN and cerberus, gremlin 2, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog
Detection method:Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody
Application:This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human GREM2 concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids.
Sensitivity:0.094ng/ml
Range:0.156-10ng/ml
Storage:4°C for 6 months
Note:For Research Use Only
Recovery:Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human GREM2 and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human GREM2 in samples.
MatrixRecovery range(%)Average(%)
serum(n=5)89-10495
EDTA plasma(n=5)87-10295
UFH plasma(n=5)85-9893
Linearity:The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human GREM2 and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.
Sample1:21:41:8
serum(n=5)91-105%91-98%90-104%
EDTA plasma(n=5)88-101%84-101%82-101%
UFH plasma(n=5)83-95%82-95%84-99%
CV(%):Intra-Assay: CV<8%
Inter-Assay: CV<10%
ComponentQuantityStorage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)8×12 strips4°C for 6 months
Lyophilized Standard24°C/-20°C
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer20ml4°C
Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated)120ul4°C (Protect from light)
Antibody Dilution Buffer10ml4°C
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC)120ul4°C (Protect from light)
SABC Dilution Buffer10ml4°C
TMB Substrate10ml4°C (Protect from light)
Stop Solution10ml4°C
Wash Buffer(25X)30ml4°C
Plate Sealer5-

Other materials and equipment required:

  • Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
  • Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
  • Incubator
  • Deionized or distilled water
  • Absorbent paper
  • Buffer resevoir
UniprotQ9H772
UniProt Protein Function:GREM2: Cytokine that inhibits the activity of BMP2 and BMP4 in a dose-dependent manner. Antagonized BMP4-induced suppression of progesterone production in granulosa cells. Belongs to the DAN family.
UniProt Protein Details:Protein type:Secreted, signal peptide; Secreted

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1q43

Cellular Component: extracellular space; extracellular region

Molecular Function:heparin binding; protein homodimerization activity; cytokine activity

Biological Process: BMP signaling pathway; embryonic body morphogenesis; cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway; determination of dorsal identity

NCBI Summary:This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Code:Q9H772
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:71164892
NCBI Gene ID:64388
NCBI Accession:NP_071914.3
UniProt Secondary Accession:Q9H772,Q86UD9,
UniProt Related Accession:Q9H772
Molecular Weight:19,320 Da
NCBI Full Name:gremlin-2
NCBI Synonym Full Names:gremlin 2, DAN family BMP antagonist
NCBI Official Symbol:GREM2  
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:PRDC; DAND3; CKTSF1B2  
NCBI Protein Information:gremlin-2; DAN domain family member 3; protein related to DAN and cerberus; cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 2; gremlin 2, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog
UniProt Protein Name:Gremlin-2
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 2; DAN domain family member 3; Protein related to DAN and cerberus
Protein Family:Gremlin
UniProt Gene Name:GREM2  
UniProt Entry Name:GREM2_HUMAN

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.

StepProtocol
1.Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells!
2.Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells.
3.Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well.
4.Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells.
5.Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min.
6.Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2.
7.Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall.
8.Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min.
9.Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash.
10.Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min.
11.Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min.
12.Add 90 µl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color.
13.Add 50 µl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately.
14. Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample TypeProtocol
SerumIf using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

PlasmaCollect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal FluidCollect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatantCollect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysatesSolubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenatesThe preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysatesRinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast MilkCollect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

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