Human GSK3A ELISA Kit (HUEB0072)- High Sensitivity

Product Name:	Human Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha (GSK3A) ELISA Kit
SKU:	HUEB0072
Size:	96T
Target:	Human Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha (GSK3A)
Synonyms:	Serine/threonine-protein kinase GSK3A, GSK-3 alpha
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Human
Detection Range:	0.156-10ng/mL
Sensitivity:	0.083ng/mL

Intra CV:

6.5%

Inter CV:

11.2%

Linearity:

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum(N=5)	94-105%	105-114%	98-109%	107-117%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)	107-119%	104-113%	99-107%	104-114%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)	94-104%	93-105%	111-120%	103-113%

Recovery:

Sample Type	Average(%)	Recovery Range(%)
Serum	96	90-102
Plasma	98	92-104

Function:

Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. In Wnt signaling, regulates the level and transcriptional activity of nuclear CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Facilitates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and the generation of APP-derived amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer disease. May be involved in the regulation of replication in pancreatic beta-cells. Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation.

Uniprot:	P49840
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant human Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha
Sub Unit:	Monomer. Interacts with ARRB2 (By similarity). Interacts with AXIN1 and CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Interacts with CTNND2 (PubMed:19706605).
Research Area:	Cancer
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	GSK3A: a proline-directed protein kinase of the GSK family. Implicated in the control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase, Myb, and c-Jun. GSK3 and GSK3 have similar functions. GSK3 phophorylates tau, the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease and is required for maximal production of amyloid plaque peptides by secretase. A GSK3 promoter SNP effects progression of bipolar disorder. The GSK3 inhibitor, lithium, is used to treat bipolar disorder and is seen to block plaque formation. GSK3 generally opposes the action of insulin, and GSK3 hyperactivity is thought to contribute to insulin resistant (type II) diabetes. GSK3 also negatively regulates cardiac hypertrophy. A tumor suppressor role is indicated by the oncogenic potential of stabilized -catenin mutants that lack GSK3 phosphorylation sites. Inhibitor: AR-A014418
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:EC 2.7.11.26; EC 2.7.11.1; Protein kinase, CMGC; Kinase, protein; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); CMGC group; GSK family; GSK subfamily Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 19q13.2 Cellular Component: beta-catenin destruction complex; cytosol Molecular Function:protein binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; tau-protein kinase activity Biological Process: cellular response to insulin stimulus; insulin receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of glucose import; negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of TOR signaling pathway; positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process; positive regulation of heart contraction; proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; protein amino acid phosphorylation; regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
NCBI Summary:	This gene encodes a multifunctional Ser/Thr protein kinase that is implicated in the control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase, and transcription factors, such as JUN. It also plays a role in the WNT and PI3K signaling pathways, as well as regulates the production of beta-amyloid peptides associated with Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]
UniProt Code:	P49840
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	12644292
NCBI Gene ID:	2931
NCBI Accession:	P49840.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P49840,O14959,
UniProt Related Accession:	P49840
Molecular Weight:	50,981 Da
NCBI Full Name:	Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha
NCBI Official Symbol:	GSK3A
NCBI Protein Information:	glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha
UniProt Protein Name:	Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Serine/threonine-protein kinase GSK3A (EC:2.7.11.1)
Protein Family:	Glycogen synthase kinase
UniProt Gene Name:	GSK3A
UniProt Entry Name:	GSK3A_HUMAN

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

ELISA	Antibodies
Human GSK3 alpha ELISA Kit	Anti-GSK3Alpha Antibody (CAB0645)
Human GSK3 alpha (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Alpha) CLIA Kit (HUES01085)	Anti-GSK3Alpha Antibody (CAB18655)[KO Validated]
GSK3alpha Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit	Anti-GSK3Alpha Antibody [KO Validated] (CAB19060)
GSK3alpha (Phospho-Ser21) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit	Anti-Phospho-GSK3A-S21 Antibody (CABP0582)
	Phospho-GSK3A (S21) Antibody (PACO00215)