Human CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) ELISA Kit

Product Name:	Human CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) ELISA Kit
SKU:	HUEB1749
Size:	96T
Target:	Human CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1)
Synonyms:	Beta chemokine receptor-like 1, CMK-BRL-1, Fractalkine receptor, G-protein coupled receptor 13, V28, CMK-BRL1, C-X3-C CKR-1, CMKBRL1, GPR13
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Human
Detection Range:	0.156-10ng/mL
Sensitivity:	0.078ng/mL

Intra CV:

3.6%

Inter CV:

6.3%

Linearity:

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum(N=5)	105-115%	86-99%	90-100%	101-112%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)	102-114%	88-98%	93-103%	84-94%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)	97-110%	95-103%	88-97%	104-114%

Recovery:

Sample Type	Average(%)	Recovery Range(%)
Serum	98	92-104
Plasma	100	94-106

Function:

Receptor for the CX3C chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1); binds to CX3CL1 and mediates both its adhesive and migratory functions (PubMed:9390561, PubMed:23125415). Acts as coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 virus envelope protein (in vitro) (PubMed:9726990). Isoform 2 and isoform 3 seem to be more potent HIV-1 coreceptors than isoform 1 (PubMed:14607932).

Uniprot:	P49238
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant human CX3C chemokine receptor 1
Sub Unit:	Interacts with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) protein G; this interaction modulates host immune response. Interacts with HIV-1 envelope polyprotein gp160. Found in a ternary complex with CX3CL1 and ITGAV:ITGB3 or ITGA4:ITGB1 (PubMed:23125415).
Research Area:	Immunology
Subcellular Location:	Cell membrane Multi-pass membrane protein
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	CX3CR1: Receptor for the CX3C chemokine fractalkine and mediates both its adhesive and migratory functions. Acts as coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 virus envelope protein (in vitro). Isoform 2 and isoform 3 seem to be more potent HIV-1 coreceptors than isoform 1. Defects in CX3CR1 are a cause of susceptibility to age- related macular degeneration type 12 (ARMD12). ARMD12 is a form of age-related macular degeneration, a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Membrane protein, integral; Receptor, GPCR; Receptor, cytokine; GPCR, family 1; Cell adhesion; Membrane protein, multi-pass Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 3p21.3 Cellular Component: neuron projection; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; integral to plasma membrane; plasma membrane Molecular Function:protein binding; chemokine receptor activity; C-X3-C chemokine receptor activity Biological Process: G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; positive regulation of angiogenesis; negative regulation of angiogenesis; cerebral cortex cell migration; viral reproduction; response to wounding; cellular defense response; chemotaxis; cell adhesion; negative regulation of cell migration; macrophage chemotaxis; microglial cell activation during immune response Disease: Macular Degeneration, Age-related, 12; Coronary Heart Disease, Susceptibility To, 1; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Susceptibility To
NCBI Summary:	Fractalkine is a transmembrane protein and chemokine involved in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for fractalkine. The encoded protein also is a coreceptor for HIV-1, and some variations in this gene lead to increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rapid progression to AIDS. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]
UniProt Code:	P49238
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	1351394
NCBI Gene ID:	1524
NCBI Accession:	P49238.1
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P49238,A0N0N6, B2R5Z4, J3KP17,
UniProt Related Accession:	P49238
Molecular Weight:	43,969 Da
NCBI Full Name:	CX3C chemokine receptor 1
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1
NCBI Official Symbol:	CX3CR1
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	V28; CCRL1; GPR13; CMKDR1; GPRV28; CMKBRL1
NCBI Protein Information:	CX3C chemokine receptor 1; CMK-BRL1; CMK-BRL-1; C-X3-C CKR-1; fractalkine receptor; G protein-coupled receptor 13; G-protein coupled receptor 13; chemokine (C-X3-C) receptor 1; beta chemokine receptor-like 1; chemokine (C-C) receptor-like 1
UniProt Protein Name:	CX3C chemokine receptor 1
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Beta chemokine receptor-like 1; CMK-BRL-1; CMK-BRL1; Fractalkine receptor; G-protein coupled receptor 13; V28
Protein Family:	CX3C chemokine receptor
UniProt Gene Name:	CX3CR1
UniProt Entry Name:	CX3C1_HUMAN

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

ELISA	Antibodies
Human CX3CR1 ELISA Kit	Anti-CX3CR1 Antibody (CAB2890)
Human CX3CR1 (Chemokine C-X3-C-Motif Receptor 1) ELISA Kit (HUES01858)	CX3CR1 Antibody (PACO01830)
	CX3CR1 Antibody (PACO03546)
	CX3CL1 Antibody (PACO08682)
	CX3CL1 Antibody (PACO17756)