Human CD44 antigen (CD44) ELISA Kit- High Sensitivity

Product Name:	Human CD44 antigen (CD44) ELISA Kit
SKU:	HUEB0342
Size:	96T
Target:	Human CD44 antigen (CD44)
Synonyms:	CDw44, Phagocytic glycoprotein I, Epican, Extracellular matrix receptor III, GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor, HUTCH-I, Heparan sulfate proteoglycan, Hermes antigen, Hyaluronate receptor, Phagocytic glycoprotein 1, PGP-I, ECMR-III, PGP-1, CD44, LHR, MDU2, MDU3, MIC4
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Human
Detection Range:	0.156-10ng/mL
Sensitivity:	0.045ng/mL

Intra CV:

4.2%

Inter CV:

7.7%

Linearity:

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum(N=5)	108-118%	111-120%	90-100%	103-115%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)	107-117%	104-116%	87-96%	104-114%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)	95-106%	106-117%	86-95%	110-110%

Recovery:

Sample Type	Average(%)	Recovery Range(%)
Serum	93	87-99
Plasma	95	89-101

Function:

Receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA). Mediates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions through its affinity for HA, and possibly also through its affinity for other ligands such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Adhesion with HA plays an important role in cell migration, tumor growth and progression. In cancer cells, may play an important role in invadopodia formation. Also involved in lymphocyte activation, recirculation and homing, and in hematopoiesis. Altered expression or dysfunction causes numerous pathogenic phenotypes. Great protein heterogeneity due to numerous alternative splicing and post-translational modification events. Receptor for LGALS9; the interaction enhances binding of SMAD3 to the FOXP3 promoter, leading to up-regulation of FOXP3 expression and increased induced regulatory T (iTreg) cell stability and suppressive function.

Uniprot:	P16070
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant human CD44 antigen
Sub Unit:	Interacts with PKN2 (By similarity). Interacts with TIAM1 and TIAM2 (By similarity). Interacts with HA, as well as other glycosaminoglycans, collagen, laminin, and fibronectin via its N-terminal segment (PubMed:14992719, PubMed:17085435). Interacts with ANK, the ERM proteins (VIL2, RDX and MSN), and NF2 via its C-terminal segment. Interacts with UNC119 (PubMed:19381274).
Research Area:	Cancer
Subcellular Location:	Cell membrane Single-pass type I membrane protein Colocalizes with actin in membrane protrusions at wounding edges.
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	CD44: Receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA). Mediates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions through its affinity for HA, and possibly also through its affinity for other ligands such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Adhesion with HA plays an important role in cell migration, tumor growth and progression. Also involved in lymphocyte activation, recirculation and homing, and in hematopoiesis. Altered expression or dysfunction causes numerous pathogenic phenotypes. Great protein heterogeneity due to numerous alternative splicing and post-translational modification events. Interacts with PKN2. Interacts with HA, as well as other glycosaminoglycans, collagen, laminin, and fibronectin via its N-terminal segment. Interacts with ANK, the ERM proteins (VIL2, RDX and MSN), and NF2 via its C-terminal segment. Isoform 10 (epithelial isoform) is expressed by cells of epithelium and highly expressed by carcinomas. Expression is repressed in neuroblastoma cells. 19 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Cell adhesion; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Membrane protein, integral; Receptor, misc. Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 11p13 Cellular Component: Golgi apparatus; focal adhesion; cell surface; basolateral plasma membrane; integral to plasma membrane; cytoplasm; plasma membrane; external side of plasma membrane Molecular Function:collagen binding; hematopoietin/interferon-class (D200-domain) cytokine receptor activity; protein binding; hyaluronic acid binding; hyalurononglucosaminidase activity Biological Process: extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis; Wnt receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion; glycosaminoglycan metabolic process; cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway; cell-matrix adhesion; pathogenesis; negative regulation of caspase activity; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; hyaluronan catabolic process; extracellular matrix disassembly; negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; cell-cell adhesion; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; ureteric bud branching; cartilage development; carbohydrate metabolic process; blood coagulation; leukocyte migration; healing during inflammatory response; hyaluronan metabolic process; negative regulation of apoptosis Disease: Blood Group, Indian System
NCBI Summary:	The protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. It is a receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA) and can also interact with other ligands, such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This protein participates in a wide variety of cellular functions including lymphocyte activation, recirculation and homing, hematopoiesis, and tumor metastasis. Transcripts for this gene undergo complex alternative splicing that results in many functionally distinct isoforms, however, the full length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing is the basis for the structural and functional diversity of this protein, and may be related to tumor metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Code:	P16070
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	308153615
NCBI Gene ID:	960
NCBI Accession:	P16070.3
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P16070,O95370, P22511, Q04858, Q13419, Q13957, Q13958 Q13959, A5YRN9, B6EAT9, D3DR12, D3DR13,
UniProt Related Accession:	P16070
Molecular Weight:	81,538 Da
NCBI Full Name:	CD44 antigen
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)
NCBI Official Symbol:	CD44
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	IN; LHR; MC56; MDU2; MDU3; MIC4; Pgp1; CDW44; CSPG8; HCELL; HUTCH-I; ECMR-III
NCBI Protein Information:	CD44 antigen; epican; Hermes antigen; hyaluronate receptor; phagocytic glycoprotein 1; heparan sulfate proteoglycan; cell surface glycoprotein CD44; extracellular matrix receptor III; chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 8; GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor; hematopoietic cell E- and L-selectin ligand; homing function and Indian blood group system
UniProt Protein Name:	CD44 antigen
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	CDw44; Epican; Extracellular matrix receptor III; ECMR-III; GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor; HUTCH-I; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan; Hermes antigen; Hyaluronate receptor; Phagocytic glycoprotein 1; PGP-1; Phagocytic glycoprotein I
Protein Family:	CD44 antigen
UniProt Gene Name:	CD44
UniProt Entry Name:	CD44_HUMAN

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

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