VivoGenie Anti-Human PD-1 (Camrelizumab) Biosimilar (IVMB0544)

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a transmembrane protein in the Ig superfamily ^1,2 that acts as an immune checkpoint receptor ³, a T cell inhibitory receptor, plays critical roles in peripheral tolerance induction, autoimmune disease prevention, macrophage phagocytosis, tumor cell glycolysis, and dendritic cell survival 2. PD-1 prevents uncontrolled T cell activity, leading to attenuation of T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and cytolytic activities. Additionally, the PD-1 pathway is a major mechanism of tumor immune evasion, and, as such, PD-1 is a target of cancer immunotherapy ². Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1; CD274; B7H1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2; CD273; B7DC) are ligands ¹. Camrelizumab is a humanized high-affinity monoclonal antibody developed by Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co. Ltd as a cancer immunotherapeutic ⁴ that is derived from murine hybridoma Mab005 ⁵. Camrelizumab binds to and blocks PD-1 binding to PD-L1 and PD-L2, preventing activation of downstream signalling pathways and restoring immune function ⁴. Camrelizumab also has off-target binding to the vascular receptor VEGFR2 (KDR), frizzled class receptor 5 (FZD5), and UL16 binding protein 2 (ULBP2) due to activity in the complementarity-determining regions of the v-domains from its Mab005 parent ⁵.